A graceful plant, fennel is an aromatic, hardy, perennial with golden yellow flowers and feathery leaves. Also known as garden fennel, this plant's botanical name, Foeniculum vulgare , comes from the Latin for "fragrant hay". A member of the Apiaceae family--along with anise, caraway, coriander and dill--fennel is native to the Mediterranean and southwestern Asia. It can be found growing wild in temperate climates around the world, and it's cultivated in India, Egypt, France, Russia, the United States, and Persia.
As French and Italian cooks have long known, fennel's subtle, anise-like flavor is wonderful with fish; in fact, fennel is sometimes referred to as "the fish herb". Italians have popularized its use in pizza, Italian sausage, and tomato sauces. In India, where the seeds are chewed to sweeten the breath, fennel is a component of many curries. English soups, German breads, and French vinaigrettes all benefit from a touch of fennel. It's also a component of the blend five-spice powder. To preserve its delicate flavor, add fennel at the end of cooking.